![]() ![]() Lots of security features were being added to the Linux kernel that could cause a process to get EPERM, and there would be no reasonable way for the user or administrator to figure out what happened. I saw this problem coming, and back in 2013, I opened a feature discussion called FriendlyEPERM. These security mechanisms can cause a permission-denied error, and sadly only the kernel knows which one is blocking access to the container process. Podman uses many security mechanisms for isolating containers from the host system and other containers. Webinar: Synchronize and manage container-based applications across multiple cl….A practical introduction to container terminology.Why Podman?īecause I work on Podman, most of the rest of this article covers using it to secure containers, but the concepts and separation apply to other container engines like Buildah, Docker, CRI-O, and containerd. This article explains how to figure out what the container is trying to do that is blocked by container security and how to run your container with more protection than -privileged. I will cover those later in this article. Note: Even in -privileged mode, containers are still subject to namespace protections, including the user namespace. If the user is root, the processes get full root privileges. The container processes get the same privilege as if they were run directly by the user. The -privileged flag turns off all security separation on the container. When the container runs fine with -privileged, users need to understand what those privileges mean: They mean you are beyond Mama Bear's territory. ![]() Many users' only choice is to run with -privileged mode. Why does your container fail with "permission denied"? (Máirín Duffy, Still, most containers run within the default constraints. When I want to lock down containers, I look for the Goldilocks level, where the container can be as secure as possible. If you set the security on containers too loose, you didn't really secure them. If you set the security on containers too tight, many containers will not run. In the next section, she finds Papa Bear's bed is too hard, Mama Bear's bed is too soft, and Baby Bear's bed is just right. *Not installed at this time, but it could be the case in the future or in a community stack.Īny other valid jupyter command that starts the Jupyter server can be used.In the story, Goldilocks complains that Papa Bear's porridge is too hot, Mama Bear's is too cold, and Baby Bear's is just right. You can achieve this by setting the environment variable DOCKER_STACKS_JUPYTER_CMD at container startup. However, switching back to the classic notebook or using a different startup command is still possible. JupyterLab, built on top of Jupyter Server, is now the default for all the images of the stack. Let’s Encrypt certificates when you run these stacks on a publicly visible domain.įile for how this Docker image generates a self-signed certificate.įor best practices about securing a public notebook server in general.Īlternative Commands # Switching back to the classic notebook or using a different startup command # The certificate file or PEM may contain one or more certificates (e.g., server, intermediate, and root).įor additional information about using SSL, see the following: In either case, Jupyter Notebook expects the key and certificate to be a base64 encoded text file. You may mount an SSL key and certificate file into a container and configure the Jupyter Server to use them to accept HTTPS connections.įor example, to mount a host folder containing a notebook.key and notebook.crt and use them, you might run the following:ĭocker run -it -rm -p 8888:8888 \ -v /some/host/folder/notebook.pem:/etc/ssl/notebook.pem \ jupyter/base-notebook \ start-notebook.sh \ -NotebookApp.certfile =/etc/ssl/notebook.pem See the run-hooks function in the jupyter/base-notebook start.sh usr/local/bin/before-notebook.d/ - handled after all the standard options noted above are appliedĪnd ran right before the notebook server launches usr/local/bin/start-notebook.d/ - handled before any of the standard options noted above are applied Or executables ( chmod x) to be run to the paths below: You can further customize the container environment by adding shell scripts ( *.sh) to be sourced This may be useful if you run multiple instances of Jupyter in swarm mode and want to use a different port for each instance. Docker run -it -rm \ -p 8888:8888 \ -user root \ -e NB_USER = "my-username" \ -e CHOWN_HOME =yes \ -w "/home/ $ environment variable. ![]()
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